The Information Ladder

What our model knows — and what each piece is worth. This is also the answer to "why not just use win-loss records?"

No-skill baseline
+50.5%

A coin flip that ignores the teams entirely.

Team identity (results only)
+6.7%

Knowing who is playing — win/loss records, no scores — closes most of the gap.

Elo with margins
+2.1%

Adding goal margins to the rating recovers most of the rest.

Full Dixon-Coles
reference

Full goal modeling is the reference — the last ~2% over Elo.

Knowing who is playing closes most of the gap from a coin flip. Goal margins recover most of the rest. Full goal modeling — the Dixon-Coles model this site runs — is the last couple of percent. Each rung is measured against the one below it (relative accuracy vs Dixon-Coles).